A two frame feedback linearization scheme for the control of fully rated wind generating units

The present paper proposes an innovative control scheme for a fully rated wind generating unit equipped with a permanent magnet synchronous generator. The main objective of this control strategy is that of allowing a decoupled and dynamically performing control of active power (by the MPPT curve) and reactive power at the point of interconnection to the grid. Moreover, the control will be able to integrate frequency supporting logics, such as synthetic inertial control and active power curtailment. The control synthesis is fully detailed and validated by means of dedicated simulations in comparison with the traditional control scheme for this type of wind generators

Impact of inertia emulation control of grid-scale BESS on power system frequency response

Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) becomes important for many applications, including frequency regulation and control. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of all the electro-mechanical-chemical variables involved in improving the system frequency response. It also evaluates the impact of including inertial emulation control of grid-scale BESS on the system frequency response of classical transmission systems. In order to investigate this impact, several simulations case studies are carried out, with different sudden generation outages and load disturbances with different power supply capacities. All case studies are combined with time-domain events to inspect the dynamic behavior of the frequency response of grid-scale battery. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the inertial response to design a set of algorithms to control the output of the inertial controller

Enabling inertial response in utility-scale battery energy storage system

This paper presents a simple controller to enable the inertial response of utility-scale battery energy storage system (BESS). Details of the BESS modeling are presented in this paper. The main contribution of this paper is to demonstrate that inertial controller in BESS help to reduce change to the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF), providing frequency support and improving the system frequency response. The effect of changes in the gain of the synthetic inertial on the system frequency response is investigated using time domain simulations based on DIgSILENT PowerFactory. The time-domain simulations show the advantages of using the inertial controller in BESS to reduce the initial drop in the system frequency. The battery charge control must be improved in order to avoid undesirable battery recharge during critical stages of the frequency response. This is especially dangerous because it can create a second system

Investigation on grid-scale BESS providing inertial response support

The importance of Energy Storages System (ESS) without a doubt is started to compete for the importance of Renewable Energy System (RES) nowadays and in the near future. ESS such as grid-scale batteries has the advantage of storing energy and provides many other services and functionalities to the power system. This paper investigates the effect of installing Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) on grid level transmission system to support fast Inertial Frequency Response (IR). Details of the BESS modeling are presented in this paper. The main contribution is to demonstrate that inertial response provided by BESS can create change to the Rate of Change of Frequency (ROCOF), providing frequency support and improving the system frequency response. A simple test system is used to investigate the effect of the inertial controller in BESS to support the system frequency response. Many time domain simulation tests using DIgSILENT PowerFactory are carried out to evaluate the effect of installing BESS with inertial response enabled. The time-domain simulations are conducted to demonstrate the system frequency responses considering: (i) gain of the inertial controller (ii) different sizes of disturbances, (iii) system robustness